What Materials Are Needed to Build a Cold Room?

The cold storage unit consists of five parts: the refrigeration unit, cold room panels (including the cold room door), evaporator, distribution box, and copper pipes.

Cold Storage

1. Let's start with the cold room panels:

Cold room panels consist of an outer material and an inner material. The thickness of cold room panels comes in five options: 75mm, 100mm, 120mm, 150mm, and 200mm.

The outer material is available in four types: color steel sheet, embossed aluminum sheet, Baosteel sheet, and stainless steel sheet. The thickness of the outer material ranges from 0.4mm, 0.5mm, etc. The inner material is made of polyurethane foam. The commonly used

cold room panel thickness is 100mm, consisting of 0.4mm thick color steel sheet and polyurethane foam. The thicker the cold room panel, the better the insulation effect. Cold room panels can be customized according to customer requirements. Cold room doors

come in three types: sliding doors, swing doors, and double doors. The dimensions and thickness of doors, panels, etc., can be customized according to customer requirements.

2. Cold Room Condensing Unit:

The working process of the cold room refrigeration system consists of: Compressor → Condenser → Liquid Receiver → Filter → Expansion Valve → Evaporator.

There are many compressor brands: Copeland (USA), Bitzer (Germany), Sanyo (Japan), Tecumseh (France), Hitachi (Japan), Daikin (Japan), Panasonic (Japan).

Similarly, the refrigerants used in each compressor also vary, including R12, R22, R134a, R404a, R410a, and R600.

1. The function of the condenser is to dissipate heat from the compressor.

If the condenser is very dirty, or if the refrigeration unit is installed in a place with poor heat dissipation, it will directly affect the cooling performance of the cold room. Therefore, under normal circumstances, the condenser should be cleaned every three months, and the refrigeration unit must be installed in a well-ventilated area that facilitates heat dissipation.

2. The function of the liquid receiver is to store liquid refrigerant.

When the refrigeration system is running, the compressor compresses the gas into the condenser for heat dissipation, and both liquid and gaseous refrigerants flow together through the copper pipes. At this time, when there is an excess of liquid refrigerant, the surplus is stored in the liquid receiver. If the liquid refrigerant required for cooling is insufficient, the liquid receiver will automatically supply it.

3. The function of the filter is to filter impurities.

The filter removes impurities generated during the refrigeration process, such as dust and moisture, from the compressor and copper pipes. Without a filter, these contaminants could block the capillary tube or expansion valve, preventing the system from cooling. In severe cases, the low pressure could turn into negative pressure, which may damage the compressor.

4. Expansion Valve

A thermostatic expansion valve is typically installed at the evaporator inlet, hence the name expansion valve. It has two main functions:

(1) Conversion. After high-temperature, high-pressure liquid refrigerant passes through the expansion valve's orifice, it becomes a low-temperature, low-pressure mist-like refrigerant, creating the conditions for refrigerant evaporation.

(2) Controlling refrigerant flow. The liquid refrigerant entering the evaporator evaporates from liquid to gas as it passes through, absorbing heat and lowering the cold room temperature. The expansion valve controls the refrigerant flow. If the flow is too high, the outlet may contain liquid refrigerant, which could enter the compressor and cause liquid slugging. If the flow is too low, evaporation may complete prematurely, resulting in insufficient cooling by the compressor.

3. Evaporator

The evaporator is a wall-type heat exchange device. Low-temperature, low-pressure liquid refrigerant vaporizes on one side of the heat transfer wall, absorbing heat and thereby cooling the medium on the other side of the wall. The cooling medium is typically water or air.

Therefore, evaporators can be divided into two categories: those that cool liquids and those that cool air. Most cold room evaporators use the latter.

4. Electrical Box

Attention should be paid to the installation location of the distribution box. Typically, the distribution box is installed next to the cold room door, so the cold room power line is usually installed 1-2 meters away from the cold room door.

5. Copper Pipes

It should be noted here that the length of the copper pipes from the refrigeration unit to the evaporator should be kept within 15 meters. If the copper pipes are too long, it will affect the cooling performance.

Company Profile:

Senbin Holding provides you with services on how to reduce the cost of cold room construction. Our core products include: quick-freezing/ice-making equipment, chillers/clean rooms, warehousing facilities and equipment, refrigeration parts, cold chain cold rooms, refrigeration compressor units, and refrigeration and insulation equipment. Why choose Senbin? Senbin Holding focuses on cold room construction, providing one-stop services from design to installation, strictly controlling project quality. For example, questions you may want to know: What materials are needed to build a cold room? How can cold room construction costs be reduced? What materials and procedures are required to build a cold room? With years of professional cold room construction experience - 2026 market low prices - welcome to call us for consultation!